- The case of Rodney King, who was a victim of police brutality. The event was filmed by an onlooker from their apartment window and made it to prime-time news, and led to the charges of four police officers.
- The natural disaster of the Asian Tsunami on December 26th 2004 is another example. Much of the early footage of events was provided from citizen journalists
- who provided on-the-spot witness accounts of events as they unfolded.
- The London bombings, the people who were caught up in this attack provided the majority of footage from this event
- The Hudson river plane crash made it into the news due to a twitpic of the plane crash
theory (audience reception etc.)
- Uses and Gratifications theory - Personal identifcation
benefits to institutions
- Free access to potential news content through social media, they can also engage with the audience more easily
- They now become the producers of content, also makes the news more interesting as there is first-hand footage which is appealing to the audience.
- Access to news on a wider scale, it is now available through social media sites
Without moderation sites could be overrun by bigots. The risk of being dominated by defamatory or racist or other hate-fuelled content may increase with unmoderated content
SHEP
- Historical - By 1991, video cameras have become more common and more people could afford them
- Social - Audiences now take footage of almost everything that is happening, more engagement between the institutions and audiences
- Economical - news companies do not need to spend as much on gathering footage and instead focus on the aftermath, most of the action is recorded by the audience
- Political - News is less biased, raw footage of the action usually shows all perspectives but this could be challenged
4) One of the first examples of news being generated by 'ordinary people' is the case of Rodney King, who was a victim of police brutality. The event was filmed by an onlooker from their apartment window and made it to prime-time news, and led to the charges of four police officers.
5) Most news organisations now include formats for participation such as message boards, chat rooms, Q&A, polls, have your says, and blogs with comments enabled. Social media sites are also built around UGC.
6) The main differences between professionally shot footage and that taken first-hand is firstly the quality. Professionally shot footage has clarity whereas first-hand footage is usually shakey and not of the greatest quality. Professionally shot footage can easily be biased due to editors cutting out parts they don't want and changing the narrative, although first-hand footage can also have the potential for this it is unlikely. First-hand footage tends to have more action and nothing is censored whereas professionally shot footage can be censored.
7) A gatekeeper is someone who processes information so it can filtered for the mass audience, whether for publication, broadcasting, the Internet, or some other mode of communication.
8) The role of the gatekeeper has changed due to the audience's becoming producers of the news, leading to a smaller amount of gatekeepers to process UGC. Additionally, bigger institutions have been buying up social networking sites for the last few years, meaning they can have access to UGC content more easily, making the use of gatekeepers almost irrelevant.
9) One of the primary concerns held by journalists over the rise of UGC is the fact that there may be fewer and fewer permanent trained staff at news organisations. Some also believe that the mediators and moderators of news might eventually disappear too, leaving a world where the media is unmediated. This can also lead to the risk of news dominated by unprofessionals or other hate-fuelled journalists.
news stories
New and digital media is having an impact on news stories due to the engagement between audiences and the news industry. The audience have a role in producing stories i.e. citizen journalism, for example viral tweets that have the potential to be breaking news has led to the increase of journalists who are now on social media to find stories such as these. Furthermore, with the shift to news online, audiences can share and comment on stories.
the news agenda (the choice of stories that make up the news)
I believe there has been a change in the news agenda. To bring in larger audiences many news companies are attempting to provide stories that induce moral panic and more shocking content. This brings in a larger audience due to bad news selling the most rather than good news.
the role of professionals in news
The roles of professionals in the news is decreasing due to the reliance on the audience producing the news. Majority of the footage in the news is citizen based.
examples
- Cinema
- TV
- The internet
- Social networking
theories
- Baudrillards theory on hyper-reality, inability to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced post-modern society.
- social networking sites offer the opportunity to enter a hyper-real utopia in which all participants are equal because the signifiers of social belonging and the invocations of prejudice no longer matter.
- Society is becoming alienated from itself
- New technology can be seen as cause for society's decay
wider issues and debates
- Post-modern culture and the advancement of technology, whether it is a positive aspect of today's society or whether it is actually having an negative impact on society.
Instagram, a website that is specifically for photos. Audiences can follow each other and focus on photos only
Twitter, users can comment their views, thoughts and ideas very quickly. News can be accessed more easily through twitter and everything is more fast-paced.
4) Live streaming services such as periscope and facebook life fit into the idea of the 'digital renaissance' because it is an advancement in new technology, users can easily record their surroundings to a wide range of audiences efficiently and quickly. As a result the users become producers of the media. However, there can also be a form of hyper-reality which isn't necessarily always a positive concept as audiences won't be able to easily distinguish reality from a simulation of reality.
5) I believe that we can link the 'digital renaissance' to our case study on the news as the emergence of citizen journalism is an advancement to technology. Citizen journalism can be seen as an example of hyper-reality as the footage may possibly not provide all perspectives thus making the audience unable to distinguish the truth over false images, but it can also be argued to making news more accurate and closer to real life as audiences now have more realistic footage on an event.
No comments:
Post a Comment